litaba

Polyethyleneimine(PEI ka bokhutšoanyane), ka nomoro ea CAS ea 9002-98-6, ke polymer ea cationic e qhibilihang ka metsing. Tšobotsi ea eona ea mantlha ke hore ketane ea eona ea limolek'hule e ruile ka bongata ba lihlopha tsa amino (li-amine tsa mantlha, li-amine tsa bobeli, le li-amine tsa boraro). Sebopeho sena se khetholla alkalinity ea eona e matla, reactivity e phahameng, le thepa e ikhethang ea physicochemical. Polyethyleneimine e na le boleng bo ke keng ba nkeloa sebaka ke ts'ebeliso masimong a mangata.

I. Tlhahisoleseding ea Motheo: Sebopeho le Tlhophiso

1. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale

Yuniti e pheta-phetoang ea PEI ke -CH₂CH₂NH-, 'me lihlopha tsa amino tse ketaneng ea eona ea limolek'hule li e fa thepa e matla ea cationic (pKa≈10) - esita le tlas'a maemo a sa nke lehlakore kapa a fokolang a asiti, lihlopha tsa amino li ka ba protonated (-NH₂→-NH₃⁺), e leng mohloli oa mantlha oa ho qhibiliha ha metsi a eona, bokhoni ba ho rarahana le ho monya metsi holim'a metsi.

Ho ea ka dibopeho tse fapaneng, di arotsoe ka dikarolo tse pedi:

Polyethyleneimine e otlolohileng (L-PEI): Ketane ea limolek'hule e otlolohileng, 'me li-amine tsa bobeli e le sehlopha se seholo sa li-amino (hoo e ka bang 90%), 'me karolo ea li-amine tsa mantlha le tse tharo e tlase. Kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule e nyane, 'me bohloeki bo holimo.

Polyethyleneimine e nang le makala (B-PEI): Ketane ea limolek'hule e na le palo e kholo ea liketane tsa lehlakore, tse nang le karolo e leka-lekaneng ea li-amine tsa mantlha (≈25%), li-amine tsa bobeli (≈50%), le li-amine tsa boraro (≈25%), 'me li na le reactivity e phahameng. Ke mofuta o sebelisoang haholo indastering.

2. Litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa 'mele

Ii. Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa: Ke Hobaneng ha PEI e Sebelisoa Haholo?

Thepa e matla ea cationic le bokhoni ba ho rarahana: Sehlopha sa amino kamora protonation se na le tjhaja e ntle 'me se ka theha metsoako e tsitsitseng e nang le lintho tse tjhajang hampe (tse kang DNA, RNA, lidae tsa anionic, letsopa le li-ion tsa tšepe), e leng mokhoa oa mantlha oa ts'ebetso ea sona ho fetisetseng liphatsa tsa lefutso, kalafo ea metsi le ho monya tšepe.

Ho arabela ho hoholo: Lihlopha tsa li-amino (haholo-holo li-amine tsa mantlha) li ka nka karolo liketsong tse fapaneng (joalo ka Michael addition, epoxy ring-opening, acylation, crosslinking reactions), 'me li ka sebelisoa e le li-crosslinking agents le li-modifiers ho sebetsa bokaholimo ba thepa.

Ho qhibiliha ha metsi le ho etsa filimi: Ho qhibiliha ha metsi hantle ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho ho sebetsana. Kamora ho omisa, e ka etsa filimi e teteaneng, 'me filimi e na le litšobotsi tse itseng tsa ho khomarela le ho thibela.

Alkalinity e matla: Palo e kgolo ya dihlopha tsa amino ka hara molek'hule e etsa hore tharollo ya yona ya metsi e be alkali haholo (pH≈10 ho isa ho 12), mme e ka feta dikarabelong tsa ho se lekane ha dintho tse nang le asiti.

Iii.Polyethylenimine e sebelisetsoa eng(E hlophisitsoe ka Maemo a Tlhokahalo

1. Tšimo ea bongaka (Sehlohlolo: Li-vector tsa phano ea liphatsa tsa lefutso

PEI ke e 'ngoe ea li-vector tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse seng tsa vaerase tse sebelisoang haholo hajoale:

Molao-motheo oa Cationic PEI le DNA/RNA ea anionic li theha "PEI-nucleic acid complex" ka tšebelisano ea electrostatic, e seng feela e sireletsang nucleic acid hore e se ke ea senyeha ke nucleases empa hape e li nolofalletsa ho kena liseleng ka endocytosis. Ho feta moo, "phello ea proton sponge" ea PEI (e monyang liprotheine ka har'a sele kamora protonation) Ho baka ho phatloha ha vesicle ho ka khothalletsa ho lokolloa ha nucleic acid ka har'a cytoplasm;

Tšebeliso: Kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso (joalo ka ho fana ka liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa lihlahala le mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso), ho fana ka ente ea nucleic acid, liteko tsa ho fetisetsa lisele (e sebelisoang hangata ke reagent ea PEI transfection lilaboratoring);

Hlokomela: PEI e boima ba limolek'hule e na le chefo e phahameng haholo. Hona joale, PEI e fetotsoeng e nang le chefo e tlase (joalo ka PEI e fetotsoeng ke peG le li-nanoparticles tsa PEI tse kopantsoeng) li se li ntlafalitsoe.

2. Tšimo ea kalafo ea metsi (Sehlohlolo: Flocculants, Adsorbents)

Flocculant: Thepa ea cationic eaPolyethylenemine PEIe ka fokotsa dikarolwana tse leketlileng tse nang le tjhaja e mpe metsing (jwalo ka lehlabathe, dintho tse phelang, le dibaktheria), e leng se etsang hore dikarolwana di kopane mme di dule. E sebedisetswa ho hlwekisa metsi a nowang le ho hlwekisa metsi a ditshila a diindasteri (jwalo ka ho hatisa le ho daya, ho etsa metsi a ditshila a pampiri), haholo-holo e loketse ho hlwekisa metsi a ditshila a nang le lerōle le bongata ba dintho tse phelang.

Adsorbent Sehlopha sa amino sa Polyethylenimine PEI se ka theha maqhama a ho hokahanya le li-ion tsa tšepe e boima (tse kang Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Pb²⁺), 'me se ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho tlosa litšepe tse boima metsing a litšila a indasteri. E ka boela ea etsoa thepa ea adsorption e fetotsoeng ke polyethylenimine (tse kang carbon e sebetsang ka PEI, PEI-nanofibers) ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba adsorption.

3. Phetoho ea bokaholimo ba thepa (Sehlohlolo: Phetoho ea Mosebetsi)

Phetoho ea pampiri/faeba: Kalafo ea polyethylenimine PEI ea pampiri e ka ntlafatsa matla a eona a metsi, ho hanyetsa metsi le ho hatisoa habonolo (ka ho hokahana le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl holim'a faeba), 'me e sebelisoa tlhahisong ea pampiri e khethehileng (joalo ka pampiri ea ho paka, pampiri ea sefe).

Kalafo ea bokaholimo ba tšepe: Polyethylenimine e ka etsa filimi e sireletsang bokaholimo ba tšepe, e ntlafatsang ho hanyetsa ho bola ha tšepe, 'me e ka boela ea sebetsa e le sekhothaletso sa ho khomarela bakeng sa lipente tsa tšepe.

Phetoho ea thepa ea polymer: PEI e sebelisoa e le moemeli oa ho hokahanya kapa ho tsamaisana le lintho ho ntlafatsa ho lumellana le ho khomarela ha li-polymer (joalo ka phetoho ea ho hokahanya ha polyurethane le li-resin tsa epoxy), kapa ho ntlafatsa philicity ea thepa (joalo ka lifilimi tsa polyolefin tse fetotsoeng ke PEI).

4. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa indasteri

Likhomaretsi le li-sealant: Sehlopha sa amino sa PEI se ka feta liketsong tsa ho hokahanya le aldehydes, isocyanate, jj., 'me se ka sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho phekola likhomaretsi tse thehiloeng metsing. Polyethylenimine e sebelisoa bakeng sa lehong la ho kopanya, pampiri le tšepe, ka matla a ho kopanya a phahameng le ho hanyetsa metsi hantle.

Indasteri ea dae le pigment: Polyethylenimine PEI e ka sebelisoa e le ntho e kopanyang lidae tsa cationic (haholo-holo bakeng sa ho daea likhoele tsa tlhaho tse kang k'hothone le silika), e ntlafatsang ho khomarela le ho hlatsuoa ha lidae; Polyethylenimine e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le ntho e hasanyang pigment ho thibela ho kopana ha pigment.

Ho ntšoa ha peterole: PEI e sebelisoa kalafong ea metsi a oli (joalo ka ho koala metsi le lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea profil), kapa e le sehlomathiso sa mokelikeli oa ho phunya ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba mokelikeli oa ho phunya.

Ka ho fetola boima ba limolek'hule (boima bo tlase ba limolek'hule, chefo e tlase; boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule, ts'ebetso e phahameng), sebopeho (se otlolohileng khahlanong le se nang le makala), le mekhoa ea phetoho (peG-ylation, cross-linking, le compounding) eapolyethylenemine, ts'ebeliso ea eona masimong a maemo a holimo (joalo ka phano ea lithethefatsi tse reretsoeng le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tse sebetsang) e ka atolosoa haholoanyane.